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Objective:To investigate the association between split foot and electrophysiology in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods:The clinically definite or clinically probable ALS patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from April 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively collected. From April 2021 to December 2022, patients who visited the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital for other reasons without abnormal electrophysiological examination were collected as the control group. The incidence of split leg [the limb whose modified Medical Research Council Muscle Strength Scale (mMRC) score of ankle dorsiflexors was lower than that of ankle plantarflexors] in ALS patients was calculated, and the incidence of split foot (the limb whose mMRC score of hallux dorsiflexors was lower than that of hallux plantarflexors) in ALS patients was calculated. The amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve was detected to observe the involvement of motor neurons innervating ankle dorsiflexors and ankle plantarflexors. The characteristics of split leg and split foot in ALS patients were analyzed from the perspective of muscle strength, and the characteristics of split foot in ALS patients were analyzed from the perspective of electrophysiology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of peroneal nerve/tibial nerve CMAP amplitude ratio in distinguishing ALS patients from controls.Results:A total of 101 ALS patients with lower limb involvement and 110 controls with normal lower limb muscle strength were collected. Among the 101 ALS patients with lower limb involvement, strength of ankle plantarflexors was greater than that of ankle dorsiflexors in 35.64% (36/101) patients, strength of ankle dorsiflexors was greater than that of ankle plantarflexors in 5.94% (6/101) patients, and strength of ankle plantarflexors and ankle dorsiflexors was equal in 58.42% (59/101) patients. Strength of hallux dorsiflexors was lower than that of hallux plantarflexors in 53.47% (54/101) patients, strength of hallux dorsiflexors was greater than that of hallux plantarflexors in 1.98% (2/101) patients, and the strength of hallux dorsiflexors and hallux plantarflexors was equal in 44.55% (45/101) patients. The incidence of split leg was negatively correlated with age ( OR=0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.40, P<0.05), course of disease ( OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.38-0.80 P<0.05) and ALS functional revised scores ( OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.67, P<0.05). The incidence of split foot was negatively correlated with the onset time of lower limb symptoms ( OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the differences of the decrease of CMAP amplitude in the common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve [the common peroneal nerve (6.45±2.56) mV vs (3.63±1.83) mV, tibial nerve (12.87±4.72) mV vs (9.18±6.22) mV] were statistically significant ( t=-4.65, t=-3.44, both P<0.001) and the differences of the peroneal nerve/tibial nerve CMAP amplitude ratio (0.54±0.24 vs 0.36±0.18) decrease was statistically significant ( t=-4.31, P<0.001) in patients with split foot. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of CMAP amplitude ratio of common peroneal nerve/tibial nerve in ALS patients with split foot was 0.70, indicating that the accuracy of CMAP amplitude of common peroneal nerve/tibial nerve in distinguishing ALS patients from controls was low. Conclusions:In ALS patients with lower limb involvement, strength of ankle dorsiflexors is weaker than that of ankle plantarflexors, and strength of hallux dorsiflexors is weaker than that of hallux plantarflexors. At the diagnostic level, the CMAP amplitude ratio of common peroneal nerve/tibial nerve in ALS patients with split foot has a lower accuracy in the diagnosis of ALS.
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The hydroponic culture test method was used to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under Zn stress, Cd stress, and combined Zn and Cd stress as well as changes in the enrichment and transfer characteristics of heavy metals. Under single and combined heavy metal stress, the biomass, plant height, and peroxidase (POD) activity of P. fortunei decreased as the treatment concentration increased. Combined Zn and Cd affected adversely plant height and biomass. As the concentration of Zn increased when applied alone, the chlorophyll content and catalase (CAT) activity of P. fortunei first increased and then decreased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, and the aboveground malondialdehyde (MDA) content first decreased and then increased. As the concentration of Cd increased when applied alone, chlorophyll content and CAT activity increased, and SOD activity and aboveground MDA content first increased and then decreased. Under both Cd and Zn, the physiological response was more complex. Cd in the seedlings of P. fortunei was concentrated in the root. In contrast, Zn was concentrated in the upper part of the ground, and its transfer coefficient was greater than 1.00. Thus, the addition of Zn promotes the transfer of heavy metals to the above-ground portions of plants. Generally, P. fortunei can effectively promote ecological restoration under complex forms of heavy metal pollution.
Subject(s)
Cadmium , Chlorophyll , Metals, Heavy , Plant Roots/chemistry , Seedlings , Soil Pollutants , Stress, Physiological , Superoxide Dismutase , ZincABSTRACT
Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, quercetin and kaempferol inPyrrosia lingua (Thumb.) Farwell. Methods The separation was performed on Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) with the mobile phase of methanol-acetic acid (pH=3.0) solution and gradient elution. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the UV detection wavelength was 254 nm;column temperature was 35℃.Results The calibration curves for chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were in good linearity in the range of 0.000 24-3.00μg (r=0.999 9), 0.000 16-2.00μg (r=0.999 9), and 0.000 16-2.00μg (r=0.999 9), respectively. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 3.29, 0.43 and 0.33 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery rates were 97.73%, 98.07% and 96.92%, respectively. ConclusionThe method is simple, precise and sensitive. It provides scientific proof for separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, quercetin and kaempferol inPyrrosia lingua (Thumb.) Farwell.
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AimTo study the effects of glipizide and met formin on the serum IGF-1,IGF-2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus; Methods The effect of glipizide(n ＝ 40) and metformin(n ＝ 25) on serum IGF-1, IGF-2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were compared with self- controlled study. Results In metformin-treated patients ,there were not significantly changes in fasting IGF-1 and IGF-2 concentrations, In glipizide-treated patients, there were markedly increased IGF-1 concentrations(181.8+ 104.5) vs (209.0+ 88.2) ng· ml-1(P＜0.05) while serum IGF-2 was not change. There was a significant reduction of blood glucose in two groups at the end of treatment(both P＜0.01), but C-peptide level was markedly increased(P＜0.05) only in glipizide-treatedpatients.Conclusion The changes of IGF-1 is markedly different between metformin-treated and glipizide-treated patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.